NCERT Class 9 | economics Chapter 1 | A village of Palampur. | Notes PDF| A very simplified form.

In this content we shall try to make easy your content in a very simplified way. 

Palampur : It is a hypothetical/imaginary /virtual village, has well-developed system of roads, transport, electricity, school and an Primary Health Center.

- Production Activities.

There are two types of production activities found in Palampur - Farming activities and Non-Farming activities. 

- Farming activities includes from preparation of soil, sowing , irrigation, weeding out, harvesting to storage. Where as Non- Farming activities includes transport, shopkeeping, manufacturing, etc.

* Factors of Production.

1. Land - It is a base where we establish our production unit.

2. Labour - Labour are the essential part of production who have both kind of knowledge to manoeuvre machines as well as do some unskilled works like gate keeping. cleaning the premises, etc. 

3. Physical Capital - are of two types -

Fixed capital - are the capital which is meant for purchasing assets like machines, instruments, 

Working capital - are the capital which is meant for buying raw materials. 

4. Human Capital - are the resources that are required to get the techinical works done by the skilled people. 

- whenever there is an investment in the form of education, skilling, health and training in the human population then the population become human capital.

* Land is fixed.

 75 % people is engaged in farming and the rest of the total do some other activities rather than farming. 

- the land under cultivation had not been expanded since 1960s, so people of Palampur converted some waste lands into cutivated lands that resulted in increasing of production.

* Can grow more crops on a same land.?

Yes, since Palamput is well developed with electricity, people use tubewells, pumping sets for supplying water to their fields. Their fields are engaged throughout the year, that resulted in increasing of production.

In Rainy Season, farmers cultivate kharif crops like Jowar and Bajara to feed their cattles. After the season they do some horticulture crops. In Winter season they sow Rabi crops. 

- So here farmers do Multi-farming.- more than one crop in a year on a same land.

* Other than multiple farming , there is an another methods to increase production is Modern Farming Method.

- Modern farming method is a part of Green Revolution launched in 1960s., aimed to increase the production of grains in view of growing population. 

Modern Farming Methods.

1. HYV seeds. - It stands for High Yielding Variety of seeds.

- since this seeds yields more grins , it requires more water and other nutrients or supplements for its growth. 

- Modern Irrigation - before Green revolution , we were totally dependent on Monsoon, our fields were left idle for 6-8 months due to not availability of water through out the year. 

But electrification of villages coupled with construction of dams and canals make water available through out the year. Now farmers install pumping sets, tube wells in their fields to quench the thirst of the fields. 

- Modern tools. - in ancient times , people did farming with traditional tools, but the situations has become changed, now farmers use tractors, thresher , harvesters., etc in their fields in order to raise production as well as reduce time and energy. 

- Use of Fertilizers , insecticides and pesticides are required to increase production of grains.

Is land Sustain.?

1. There is also a drawback of modern farming method. Since in the modern farming method , we use excessive chemicals in the fields. And these Chemicals somehow harm humus and small organisms like bacteria in the soil and contaminate ground water when water is percolated. 

2. Farmers of Punjab do commercial farming in their fields, that requires huge amount of water which is obtained from ground. So the level of ground water continues decreases. Over irrigation in Punjab, leads to land degradation.