The age of Industrialisation | ncert class 10 | cbse | PDF | FREE DOWNLOAD NOTES

 The age of Industrialisation | ncert class 10 | cbse | PDF | FREE DOWNLOAD NOTES

The phase in which production of handmade goods declined and technology increased is called Industrial Revolution.

- Agrarian society transformed to Industrial revolution.

- It was a period from 1760 to 1840 - Industrial Phase.

Topics to be covered.

1. introduction

2. Before the Industrial Revolution

3. Hand Labour

4. Industialisation in the colonies.

5. Factories in India

6. The Pecularities of Indusrial Growth.

7. Market for goods.

Before the Industrial Revolution.

- Before Industrialisation, there was a large scale industrial productin for international market.

- These products were not produced in factories before Industrial revolution.

- Handmade producers and merchants produced these things.

- Controlled by merchants.

- Proto - Industrialisation is the phase before industrialisation.

In 17th and 18th Century.

        - populatin rise.

        - Globalisation rise

        - Demand rise.

- Merchants moved to ruler areas in search of producers.

-  They employed farmers.

Q Why did the farmers accept their proposals. ?

- Open land system in rurla areas ( No land was privately owned.)

- Decline due to increasing population.

- Rich people started enclosing their lands.

- poor farmers started working as producers.

- slowly a close relationship established between rural and urban areas.

eg: Wool Industry.

- Wools were bought in Urban areas by merchnts.

- Rular area - Yarn form, weaving, cloth, dying.

- Iron and steel industries also setup in this phase.

- Because railways were being constructed in different regions.

- We can't called this phase as Industrialisation because -

        1. Changes in technology were slow.

        2. Industrialisation was not on large scale.

Proto Industrialisation had 3 problems.

1. Expensive machines.

2. High maintenance cost.

3. Uncertainty in performance.

Hand labour and Steam Power. 

-                 Life of workers.

                                ||

    low wages                        seasonality of workers.

- The fear of unemployment made workers hostile to new technology.

Industrialisation in the colonies.

- India was one of the leading producers of cotton textiles.

- Surat, Hoogly, Muslipatnam had sea ports, handled by Indian merchants. 

- from Raw materials to exports were  under control of Indian merchants.

European companies gained power.

- Started to control Indian textiles.

- Established Mumbai and kolkata ports.

- East India company gained political power.

Gomasthas (paid workers agents ) were appointed.

- They supervised the production activities.

- Acted as agents of East India Company..

- EIC established a direct control over the Indian textiles.

- With over the Indian textiles.

- With this, Indian producers earned no profit.

- They left their jobs.

- Started to work in fields.

- Now , EIC had no competitor.

- They introduced British machine made goods in Indian markets.

Factores in India.

- 1854-  first cotton mill in Bombay.

- 1855- arrival of jute industry.

- 1861- cotton mills in Ahmedabad.

- 1874- spinning mills in Madras.

Thise all factories were set up by Indian enttepreneur.

- Entrepreneurs earned money from chinese trade and cotton shipments to England.

- 1901- Six lakhs workers.

- 1946- Twenty five lakhs workers.

- Workers came from Ratnagiri, kanpur districs.

The Peculiarities of Industrial Growth.

features of Industrial growth.

1. Exports products.

    - European managing agencies controlled production in India.

    - Goods which could be exported to British were produced.

eg : Tea, coffee

2. Avoidance of Competition

    - Indians produced goods which were not a part of British impots.

eg: Yarns. It was used in India and exported to Chinese markets.

3. Shift from yarn to Cloth.

    - A series of changes forced Indians to shift to from yarn to cloth.

    - Swadeshi movements increased the demand of Indian clothes.

    - Yarn export to China declined.

4. Expansion of Handlooms.

    - Producers started producing goods with handlooms.

    - From 1900 to 1940, the production increased by 3 times.

    - use of flyshuttles increased the per worker production.

                        Types of Cotton weavers.

1. Producers of Coarse quality goods.  | Used by poor | had unstable demand.

2. Produced fine quality goods | used by rich. | had stable demand.

Market for Goods. 

Expansion of markets 

1. Advertisement

2. Labelling

3. Calenders.